振動輸送機翻板容易損壞，在運動分析的基礎上指出疲勞失效是造成翻板損壞的主要原因，對翻板設計中應注意的幾個問題進行有益探索。
振動輸送機具有結構簡單、運行可靠、效率高、噪聲低、維修方便、壽命長等優點，在輕工、醫藥、電子等行業獲得廣泛應用。占財政收入10％的煙草制造業大量使用槽式振動輸送機(簡稱振槽)來輸送物料、篩選雜物、松散物料、穩定流量。通過在振槽底部開口并加氣動裝翻板裝置，振槽還用于完成工藝流程切換或不合格品的剔除。
      由于工藝流量由5000kg/h調整到8000kg/h，振槽底部0.3×0.54m的開口不能順暢落料，維修工將開口擴為0.425×0.54m并更換了新翻板，試車運行基本正常，煙絲落料順利，振槽運行時雖有輕微聲響但未引起足夠重視。設備維修后投入運行不到10天，振槽翻板的輕微聲響變為強烈的噠噠聲，開口處煙沫泄漏量增多，停車檢查，發現翻板兩側產生了兩條0.06—0.07m長的裂縫，若非及時發現可能造成嚴重停產事故。

 1.問(wen)題(ti)分(fen)析

 振槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)結構為COMAS搖(yao)桿式，搖(yao)桿互相平行(xing)(xing)，搖(yao)桿繞(rao)(rao)焊接(jie)于(yu)機架上的(de)(de)軸擺動，搖(yao)桿上部鉸(jiao)接(jie)振槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體，下部懸平衡(heng)配重。振槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)采(cai)用(yong)電機驅動的(de)(de)曲柄連桿機構激(ji)振。翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體通過合(he)頁連接(jie)，使得(de)翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)能夠開啟(qi)和(he)(he)關閉(bi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體上的(de)(de)落料(liao)洞(dong)口，合(he)頁兩面(mian)則(ze)(ze)鉚接(jie)固(gu)定于(yu)翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體落料(liao)洞(dong)口邊緣；翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)啟(qi)閉(bi)則(ze)(ze)由(you)電磁閥自動或手動切換，通過控制氣缸桿的(de)(de)收縮與(yu)伸展實(shi)現(xian)。為增加翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)剛性(xing)、分散(san)受力，翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)背(bei)面(mian)與(yu)氣缸桿鉸(jiao)接(jie)處加焊了(le)截面(mian)30×30mm的(de)(de)方鋼做(zuo)加強筋，氣缸鉸(jiao)座(zuo)用(yong)螺栓固(gu)定在槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體底部，翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)氣缸隨(sui)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體運(yun)動。槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體向前(左(zuo))加速時(shi)(shi)，關閉(bi)的(de)(de)翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)由(you)于(yu)慣性(xing)有(you)繞(rao)(rao)合(he)頁順(shun)時(shi)(shi)針(向下)旋轉打開的(de)(de)趨勢，若氣缸桿的(de)(de)推(tui)力不足，翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)跟槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體此(ci)時(shi)(shi)不能同步，翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)相對槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體轉動并使落料(liao)洞(dong)口產生縫隙(xi)，從而出現(xian)翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)關閉(bi)不嚴、造成泄露；槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體加速向后(右)時(shi)(shi)，由(you)于(yu)翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體碰撞產生振動和(he)(he)發出噪聲。振槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)過程，翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體反復脫離、碰撞、變形，周期性(xing)的(de)(de)交變應力使翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)薄(bo)弱處產生疲勞裂縫，短時(shi)(shi)間(jian)內出現(xian)了(le)疲勞失效、損壞。
     2.改進方(fang)法
     要(yao)解決氣缸(gang)推(tui)力(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)足導致的翻(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)疲勞損壞(huai)，可采取提高系(xi)統(tong)壓力(li)(li)、加大缸(gang)徑、改變推(tui)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)方向(xiang)(xiang)增加力(li)(li)臂等(deng)措施。提高壓空系(xi)統(tong)壓力(li)(li)、加大缸(gang)徑存在費用高、不(bu)(bu)經濟的缺點，而改變推(tui)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)方向(xiang)(xiang)則簡便易行。設計時(shi)不(bu)(bu)僅考慮(lv)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)質量，氣缸(gang)、推(tui)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)等(deng)附件和物料質量也(ye)必須計算在內。維修時(shi)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)增加的質量不(bu)(bu)大，只需改變推(tui)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)和翻(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)夾(jia)角使其對翻(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)的轉(zhuan)動力(li)(li)矩足以克服翻(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)及其新增的慣性力(li)(li)矩，就會避免翻(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)的疲勞損壞(huai)。