振動輸送機翻板容易損壞，在運動分析的基礎上指出疲勞失效是造成翻板損壞的主要原因，對翻板設計中應注意的幾個問題進行有益探索。
振動輸送機具有結構簡單、運行可靠、效率高、噪聲低、維修方便、壽命長等優點，在輕工、醫藥、電子等行業獲得廣泛應用。占財政收入10％的煙草制造業大量使用槽式振動輸送機(簡稱振槽)來輸送物料、篩選雜物、松散物料、穩定流量。通過在振槽底部開口并加氣動裝翻板裝置，振槽還用于完成工藝流程切換或不合格品的剔除。
      由于工藝流量由5000kg/h調整到8000kg/h，振槽底部0.3×0.54m的開口不能順暢落料，維修工將開口擴為0.425×0.54m并更換了新翻板，試車運行基本正常，煙絲落料順利，振槽運行時雖有輕微聲響但未引起足夠重視。設備維修后投入運行不到10天，振槽翻板的輕微聲響變為強烈的噠噠聲，開口處煙沫泄漏量增多，停車檢查，發現翻板兩側產生了兩條0.06—0.07m長的裂縫，若非及時發現可能造成嚴重停產事故。

 1.問題分析

 振(zhen)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)結(jie)構(gou)為(wei)COMAS搖(yao)(yao)桿式(shi)，搖(yao)(yao)桿互相平行，搖(yao)(yao)桿繞(rao)焊接于機(ji)架上(shang)的(de)(de)軸擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)，搖(yao)(yao)桿上(shang)部(bu)鉸(jiao)接振(zhen)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，下部(bu)懸平衡配重。振(zhen)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)采用(yong)電(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)曲(qu)柄連桿機(ji)構(gou)激振(zhen)。翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)與槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)通過合(he)頁(ye)(ye)連接，使(shi)得(de)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)能夠開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)和(he)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)的(de)(de)落料洞口，合(he)頁(ye)(ye)兩(liang)面則(ze)鉚接固(gu)定(ding)于翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)或槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)落料洞口邊(bian)緣(yuan)；翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)則(ze)由(you)電(dian)磁閥自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)或手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)切換，通過控制(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)缸桿的(de)(de)收(shou)縮與伸(shen)展實現(xian)。為(wei)增加(jia)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)剛性、分散受力(li)，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)背面與氣(qi)(qi)缸桿鉸(jiao)接處(chu)加(jia)焊了截面30×30mm的(de)(de)方(fang)鋼做(zuo)加(jia)強筋，氣(qi)(qi)缸鉸(jiao)座用(yong)螺栓(shuan)固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)底部(bu)，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)與氣(qi)(qi)缸隨槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)向(xiang)前(左)加(jia)速(su)時(shi)，關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)的(de)(de)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)由(you)于慣性有(you)繞(rao)合(he)頁(ye)(ye)順時(shi)針(向(xiang)下)旋轉打開(kai)的(de)(de)趨勢，若(ruo)氣(qi)(qi)缸桿的(de)(de)推力(li)不足，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)跟槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)此時(shi)不能同步，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)相對槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)并(bing)使(shi)落料洞口產(chan)(chan)生縫隙，從而出現(xian)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)不嚴、造成泄露；槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)加(jia)速(su)向(xiang)后(hou)(右)時(shi)，由(you)于翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)碰撞(zhuang)產(chan)(chan)生振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)發(fa)出噪聲(sheng)。振(zhen)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)運(yun)行過程，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)反(fan)復脫離(li)、碰撞(zhuang)、變形，周期性的(de)(de)交變應力(li)使(shi)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)薄弱處(chu)產(chan)(chan)生疲勞(lao)(lao)裂縫，短時(shi)間(jian)內出現(xian)了疲勞(lao)(lao)失效、損壞。
     2.改進方法
     要解決氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)推力(li)不(bu)足導致的翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)疲勞(lao)損壞(huai)(huai)，可采取(qu)提(ti)高(gao)系統(tong)壓力(li)、加大缸(gang)(gang)徑、改(gai)變推桿方向(xiang)增(zeng)加力(li)臂等措施。提(ti)高(gao)壓空系統(tong)壓力(li)、加大缸(gang)(gang)徑存(cun)在(zai)費用高(gao)、不(bu)經濟(ji)的缺點，而改(gai)變推桿方向(xiang)則簡便易行。設計時(shi)不(bu)僅考慮翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)質(zhi)量(liang)，氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)、推桿等附件和物料質(zhi)量(liang)也必須計算在(zai)內(nei)。維修時(shi)翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)增(zeng)加的質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)大，只需改(gai)變推桿和翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)夾角使其對翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)的轉(zhuan)動力(li)矩足以克(ke)服(fu)翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)及其新(xin)增(zeng)的慣性力(li)矩，就(jiu)會(hui)避(bi)免翻(fan)板(ban)(ban)的疲勞(lao)損壞(huai)(huai)。